When most people think about saving energy, they picture insulation upgrades, efficient windows and appliance swaps. But your yard can play a major role too. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, a well-planned landscape can reduce air-conditioning costs by up to 25% and pay for itself in less than eight years.
Because landscaping results vary by region, keep in mind that the United States has four main climate zones: temperate, hot-arid, hot-humid and cool. Plant strategically for your zone.
Choose the right trees: Deciduous or evergreen
• Deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves in the winter) block sunlight in the summer and allow light in during the colder months, helping to regulate indoor temperatures year-round.
• Evergreen trees provide consistent shade and can serve as windbreaks, which is especially helpful in cool climates.
Tip: In hot climates, choose native or drought-tolerant species. They require less water and are typically more resilient.
Placement matters
• West and northwest sides: Plant trees to block strong mid- to late-afternoon sun.
• East and west windows: Use deciduous trees to block summer sun but still allow winter light.
• South side: Tall trees planted at a distance equal to two to five times their mature height can shade your home without blocking winter sun.
• West side: Shorter trees and shrubs help shield against intense, low-angle afternoon sun.
• Patios and driveways: Shade these areas to reduce reflected heat.
• Home perimeter: Bushes can absorb sunlight and reduce heat transfer, but avoid dense plantings in humid climates, where airflow is important to prevent excess moisture.
Tip: Be mindful near solar panels. Avoid planting tall trees on the south side of panels to prevent shade during peak sun hours.
Plan for a tree’s mature height
Avoid planting trees that will grow taller than 15 feet near power lines.
For taller species, plant at least 20 feet away — 45 feet is even better — to prevent safety hazards and avoid future pruning.